This is not my field but from what I understand, a bacteria is like a small organism which can either be “good” (like the ones in your intestines) or “bad” (like salmonella). In practice, these can be cured with antibiotics.
However, viruses have no cell structure and need to live within a host, causing its illness. They are usually more difficult to cure and detect (e.g. HIV is a virus) as they sort of become part of you.
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